Updated: 12/20/2024 US Format
Steam pressure gauges work by using spring tubes that bend outward to move a connected needle. The distance that they bend is proportional to the pressure and a dial can be attached to accurately tell the pressure.
However the spring tubes are inherently more fragile than the rest of the components exposed to steam and so they need to be protected from it. To accomplish this a simple condensing loop is put in the pipe running to it so steam condenses and water collects in the pipe and fills the spring tubes.